2024 response to cynthia
2024 response to cynthia
Nursing Assignment Help
please try to ensure use of reviewed journal articles, not references from websites. 160 words minimum APA format
2024 Critiquing Sources of Error in Population Research to Address Gaps in Nursing Practice
2024 Critiquing Sources of Error in Population Research to Address Gaps in Nursing Practice
Nursing Assignment Help
As a DNP-educated nurse, part of your role will be to identify the differences, or gaps, between current knowledge and practice and opportunities for improvement leading to an ideal state of practice. Being able to recognize and evaluate sources of error in population research is an important skill that can lead to better implementation of evidence-based practice.n order to effectively critique and apply population research to practice, you should be familiar with the following types of error:Selection BiasSelection bias in epidemiological studies occurs when study participants do not accurately represent the population for whom results will be generalized, and this results in a measure of association that is distorted (i.e., not close to the truth). For example, if persons responding to a survey tend to be different (e.g., younger) than those who do not respond, then the study sample is not representative of the general population, and study results may be misleading if generalized.Information BiasInformation bias results from errors made in the collection of information obtained in a study. For example, participants’ self-report of their diet may be inaccurate for many reasons. They may not remember what they ate, or they may want to portray themselves as making healthier choices than they typically make. Regardless of the reason, the information collected is not accurate and therefore introduces bias into the analysis.ConfoundingConfounding occurs when a third variable is really responsible for the association you think you see between two other variables. For example, suppose researchers detect a relationship between consumption of alcohol and occurrence of lung cancer. The results of the study seem to indicate that consuming alcohol leads to a higher risk of developing lung cancer. However, when researchers take into account that people who drink alcohol are much more likely to smoke than those who do not, it becomes clear that the real association is between smoking and lung cancer and the reason that those who consume alcohol had a higher risk of lung cancer was because they were also more likely to be smokers. In this example, smoking was a confounder of the alcohol-lung cancer relationship.Random ErrorThe previous three types of errors all fall under the category of systematic errors, which are reproducible errors having to do with flaws in study design, sampling, data collection, analysis, or interpretation. Random errors, on the other hand, are fluctuations in results that arise from naturally occurring differences in variables or samples. While unavoidable to a small degree even under the most careful research parameters, these types of errors can still affect the validity of studies.To Prepare:Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on how to recognize and distinguish selection bias, information bias, confounding, and random error in research studies.Select a health issue and population relevant to your professional practice and a practice gap that may exist related to this issue.Consider how each type of measurement error may influence data interpretation in epidemiologic literature and how you might apply the literature to address the identified practice gap.Consider strategies you might use to recognize these errors and the implications they may have for addressing gaps in practice relevant to your selected issue.By Day 3 of Week 6Post a cohesive scholarly response that addresses the following:Describe your selected practice gap.Explain how your treatment of this population/issue could be affected by having awareness of bias and confounding in epidemiologic literature.Explain two strategies researchers can use to minimize these types of bias in studies, either through study design or analysis considerations.Finally, explain the effects these biases could have on the interpretation of study results if not minimized.
2024 2. Pathophysiology and advance Pathophysiology (Due 24 hours)
2024 2. Pathophysiology and advance Pathophysiology (Due 24 hours)
Nursing Assignment Help
Parts 2 and 3 have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.APA format1) Minimum 6 pages (No word count per page)- Follow the 3 x 3 rule: minimum of three paragraphs per pageYou must strictly comply with the number of paragraphs requested per page.Part 1: minimum 1 pagePart 2: minimum 2 pages and 1 paragraphPart 3: minimum 2 pages and 2 paragraphsSubmit 1 document per part2)¨******APA normsAll paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphBulleted responses are not acceptedDon’t write in the first personDon’t copy and paste the questions.Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraphSubmit 1 document per part3)****************************** It will be verified by Turnitin (Identify the percentage of exact match of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)********************************It will be verified by SafeAssign (Identify the percentage of similarity of writing with any other resource on the internet and academic sources, including universities and data banks)4) Minimum 3 references (APA format) per part not older than 5 years (Journals, books) (No websites)All references must be consistent with the topic-purpose-focus of the parts. Different references are not allowed.5) Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question. Start your answer on the same line, not the nextExample:Q 1. Nursing is XXXXXQ 2. Health is XXXX6) You must name the files according to the part you are answering:Example:Part 1.docPart 2.doc__________________________________________________________________________________Part 1: PathophysiologyA 47-year-old overweight male with a history of arthrosclerosis, diabetes mellitus type 2, and coronary artery disease (CAD) is found by a neighbor unconscious and not breathing in his front lawn where he appears to have been mowing his lawn. He is rushed to a local emergency room where it is determined that he has suffered a massive inferior myocardial infarction. He is sent to the intensive care unit in critical condition where he is placed on advanced life support equipment, and several days later, it is determined that he has minimal brain activity.After hearing her husband’s condition, his tearful wife asks you how it is possible that her husband’s brain might not function if it was his heart that stopped beating.1. Give a medical rationale to the wife (One paragraph)As the next of kin, his wife has the right to make husband’s medical decisions when he is unable to. Because the length of time that this patient was in cardiac arrest appears to have been substantial, the patient’s recovery is highly unlikely. The medical staff gently informs the wife that she has to make a decision regarding his health care: she can withdraw care now or choose to do everything to keep him alive, even though he will most likely die. She asks you what you think she should do. With your knowledge of neurophysiology2. Give a medical rationale to the wife (Two paragraphs)Parts 2 and 3 have the same questions, however, you must answer with references and different writing always addressing them objectively, that is as if you were different students. Similar responses in wording or references will not be accepted.Part 2: PathophysiologyAnswer in paragraph format each of the questions that are indicated. That is, you must objectively answer each of the questions in the order indicated.Cardiovascular diseases are…….Coronary artery disease (CAD) is…….. Cardiac arrhythmia is ……One paragraph1. What is Anemia?2. Describe the classification of Anemias based on etiology.3. Classification of Anemias based on Size (MCV).a. Which are Microcytic anemias, normocytic and Macrocytic anemias?b. Mention most common for each type.4. Look for absorption areas in the GI tract for:a. Ironb. Folatec. B12.One paragraph5. Symptoms of Anemia6. What is Pernicious Anemia?7. What is aplastic Anemia?8. General symptoms for Hemolytic anemias.9. Polycythemia Vera.One paragraph10. An example of Secondary Polycythemia.11. Hemostasis: what is it?a. Which important elements of Blood participate on it.12. For Low Platelets: what is ITP?13. Common causes of Coagulation disorders?One paragraph14. What is DIC?a. Causesb. Symptomsc. treatment.15. Virchow triad for thrombus formation.16. About Leukocytes, what is Leukopenia and Leukocytosisa. causes for each of it?17. What is the clinical significance of Shift to left?One paragraph18. Causes of:a. Leukocytosis with Neutrophiliab. Eosinophiliac. Basophiliad. Leukocytosis with Lymphocytosis19. What is Infectious Mononucleosis?a. Etiologyb. Symptoms.20. Leukemias.a. Etiologyb. Acute vs ChronicOne paragraph21. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia vs Acute Myelocytic Leukemia.22. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia vs Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.23. Lymphadenopathy concepta. Local vs Diffuse.24. Lymphomas: Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin comparea. Featuresb. Symptomsc. adenopathy locationd. diagnosis.One paragraph25. Multiple Myeloma: what is it?a. Features of this diseaseb. Diagnosis26. Sickle cell disease: EVERYTHING YOU MAY FIND:a. pathogenic changesb. Patho physiology of symptomsc. complications present on each Crisis Type.Part 3: PathophysiologyAnswer in paragraph format each of the questions that are indicated. That is, you must objectively answer each of the questions in the order indicated.Cardiovascular diseases are…….Coronary artery disease (CAD) is…….. Cardiac arrhythmia is ……Two paragraph1. What is Anemia?2. Describe the classification of Anemias based on etiology.3. Classification of Anemias based on Size (MCV).a. Which are Microcytic anemias, normocytic and Macrocytic anemias?b. Mention most common for each type.4. Look for absorption areas in the GI tract for:a. Ironb. Folatec. B12.One paragraph5. Symptoms of Anemia6. What is Pernicious Anemia?7. What is aplastic Anemia?8. General symptoms for Hemolytic anemias.9. Polycythemia Vera.One paragraph10. An example of Secondary Polycythemia.11. Hemostasis: what is it?a. Which important elements of Blood participate on it.12. For Low Platelets: what is ITP?13. Common causes of Coagulation disorders?One paragraph14. What is DIC?a. Causesb. Symptomsc. treatment.15. Virchow triad for thrombus formation.16. About Leukocytes, what is Leukopenia and Leukocytosisa. causes for each of it?17. What is the clinical significance of Shift to left?One paragraph18. Causes of:a. Leukocytosis with Neutrophiliab. Eosinophiliac. Basophiliad. Leukocytosis with Lymphocytosis19. What is Infectious Mononucleosis?a. Etiologyb. Symptoms.20. Leukemias.a. Etiologyb. Acute vs ChronicOne paragraph21. Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia vs Acute Myelocytic Leukemia.22. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia vs Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.23. Lymphadenopathy concepta. Local vs Diffuse.24. Lymphomas: Hodgkin vs non-Hodgkin comparea. Featuresb. Symptomsc. adenopathy locationd. diagnosis.One paragraph25. Multiple Myeloma: what is it?a. Features of this diseaseb. Diagnosis26. Sickle cell disease: EVERYTHING YOU MAY FIND:a. pathogenic changesb. Patho physiology of symptomsc. complications present on each Crisis Type.